In Spain, approximately 1 in 2 people over 18 years of age is over their recommended weight. Specifically, 36% of the population of legal age is overweight and 17% is obese. In addition to affecting body image, both disorders have negative health consequences, as they increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal problems and some types of cancer. The good news is that losing as little as 5% of body weight can dramatically improve the health of people who are overweight or obese. Here are some of the health benefits of weight loss:
• Reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Losing weight can lower blood pressure, lower blood triglyceride levels, and increase HDL cholesterol (commonly known as "good cholesterol"). All of these effects help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as a heart attack or stroke.
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• Prevents or improves type 2 diabetes mellitus. Weight loss has been shown to help prevent and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. In addition, it improves blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, which it can reduce the amount of medication needed to manage the disease.
• Reduces inflammation. Fatty tissue cells can release inflammatory substances that contribute to health problems such as arthritis or certain heart diseases. By losing weight, the amount of these substances is reduced and, therefore, the risk of developing these diseases.
• Reduces pressure and pain in the joints. In people who are overweight or obese, reducing a kilo of their body weight means losing 4 kilos of pressure on the knees. Therefore, losing weight improves joint pain, in addition to reducing the levels of inflammatory substances that can lead to the development of arthritis.
• Reduces the risk of cancer. It is also important to fight excess weight because obesity is the second cause of cancer development that can be prevented, after tobacco use. In this sense, a study showed that the loss of at least 5% of body weight in older women reduced the risk of developing breast cancer by 12%.
• Increases the duration and quality of sleep. It has been observed that obese people who have lost a minimum of 5% of their body weight, after 6 months sleep better and longer.
• Improves mood. Similarly, 6 months after a 5% reduction in body weight has been seen to improve mood. This may be due to the change in body image along with the increased duration and quality of sleep.
Weight loss, to be effective, must be based on a permanent change in daily habits, including diet and physical exercise. Therefore, it is important to follow a healthy diet that is easy to maintain in the long term, such as the Mediterranean diet, which helps you lose weight gradually and constantly. This diet includes a high intake of plant products, a moderate consumption of meat, fish and dairy products, and little saturated fat. On the other hand, to aid weight loss, it is also recommended to perform between 60 and 90 minutes of moderate intensity physical exercise daily.
Finally, when there are difficulties in losing weight even by changing the diet and doing physical exercise, you can choose to take medications that help you lose more weight by following a diet low in calories and fat. For example, the drug orlistat reduces the absorption of fats in the intestine and is indicated for weight loss in adults who are overweight or obese, that is, with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 28 kg / m2. . However, it is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional to evaluate the most appropriate option for each patient.
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